Mineralogy
GEO321
Franklin & Marshall College
Department of Earth and Environment
Geology 321, Mineralogy
Fall Semester, 2007
TEACHER: Dr. Stan Mertzman
Office: P-121A
Office hours: M: 12:30 - 2:00 PM; T: 1:00 - 3:00; F: 2:30 - 4:00 PM.
Telephone: At School: 291-3818; At Home: 295-1290
E-mail: stan.mertzman (the easiest and best way to get in touch with me)
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Course Texts:
1) The 23rd Edition of the Manual of Mineral Science, by C. Klein and B. Dutrow (2007). Please be sure your textbook contains a copy of a CD entitled: Mineralogy Tutorials, Version 3.1. We will examine the CD on the first day of class and discuss its use.
2) Ionic Compounds: Applications of Chemistry to Mineralogy by C. H. Yoder (2006)
3) Xerox copies of an important text, Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry: An Introduction by Bloss (1971), pages 1 to 171, is available at Copy-print. The cost per copy is $11.00. Pick-up your copy ASAP as the assigned reading for today and for most of the next three to four weeks is found in it.
Class convenes in H-111; Lab convenes in H-111 at 1:30 PM beginning Tuesday, September 4, 2007. If you do not already own a hand lens, please purchase one from Ms. Sarah Esh sometime over the next month. The cost is $5.
Attendance Policy: You are permitted 3 un-excused absences from class during the term. The 4th absence will cause your final grade to diminish by 1/3 of a letter grade. Attendance at all labs, as always, is mandatory.
Grading:
20% for each of two one-hour exams
30% for the final exam
25% for the lab portion of course which includes three lab exams
5% for class participation and homework assignments.
Examination Schedule: Monday, October 1, 2007, Monday, November 5, 2007
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The following syllabus lists the assigned lecture readings for each class meeting together with the appropriate pages in the textbook. This material should be read prior to coming to the class meeting. M = Manual of Mineral Science, C = Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, and IC = Ionic Compounds.Date Topic Chapter and pages
Aug. 29 External Sym.; Sym. operations M: Ch. 1, Ch. 6, pp. 109-120; C: pp 1-25; IC: pp 41-57
Aug. 31 Sym. Operations continued M: Ch. 6, pp.120-128; C: pp 1-25, IC: pp 41-57
Sept. 3 Crystal morphology and axes M: Ch. 6, pp. 129-133; C: pp. 26-43
Sept. 5 Axial ratios, Miller indices, Forms M: Ch. 6, pp. 133-142, C: pp. 48-60, 99-139; IC: pp 115-127
Sept. 7 Twins, 1 and 2 dimensional order M: Ch. 7, pp.143-156; C: pp. 140-147; IC: pp 129-134
Sept. 10 2 and 3 dimensional order M: Ch. 7, pp.156-168, C: pp. 147-158
Sept. 12 Crystal projection M: Ch. 6, pp. 240-251, C: pp. 70-87
Sept. 14 The 32 crystal classes M: Ch. 6, pp. 251-276, C: pp. 103-139, IC: pp 118-127, Append. 5 and 6, pp 177-179
Sept. 17 The 32 crystal classes (Reading same as previous entry above)
Sept. 19 The 32 crystal classes (Reading same as previous entry above)
Sept. 21 The 32 crystal classes (Reading same as previous entry above)
Sept. 24 Simple to complex space groups M: Ch. 6, pp. 276-289, C: pp.160-171
Sept. 26 Simple to complex space groups M: Ch. 6, pp. 276-289, C: pp.160-171
Sept. 28 Catch-up day.
Oct. 1 Hour Examination #1.
Oct. 3 Introduction + Earth structure M: Ch. 5, pp 90-96
Oct. 5 Physical properties of minerals M: Ch. 2, pp.19-36; IC: pp 1-40.
Oct. 8 Physical properties of minerals M: Ch. 2, pp.19-36; IC: 1-40.
Oct. 10 Bonding; ionic radius M: Ch. 3, pp. 37-64; IC: pp 1-40, Append. 1-3, Pp 165-171
Oct. 12 Pauling's rules and ionic packing M: Ch. 4, pp. 68-83; IC: pp 29-40
Oct. 15 NO CLASS (Fall Break)
Oct. 17 Coordination of ions M: Ch. 3, pp. 69-80. IC: pp 135-147
Oct. 19 Crystal field theory and color M: Ch. 10, pp.234-241; C: pp. 444-448, IC: pp 135-148
Oct. 22 Common structure types M: Ch. 4, pp. 66-89, IC: pp 59-87
Oct. 24 Same topic continued M: Ch. 4, pp. 66-89, IC: pp 59-87
Oct. 26 Mineral chemistry M: Ch. 5, pp 96-108, IC: pp 1-19
Oct. 29 Min. reactions, stability, and behavior M: Ch. 11, pp. 245-265
Oct. 31 Phase equilibria - 1 component systems M: Ch. 11, pp. 245-265, C: pp. 299-302
Nov. 2 Phase equilibria - 2 component systems M: Ch. 11, pp.245-265, C: pp. 302-315
Nov. 5 Hour Examination #2.
Nov. 7 Polymorphs, exsolution processes M: Ch. 12, pp. 266-286 NB: Chapter 18 in Manual of Mineral Science provides an over-view of the silicate mineral world. Chapter 19 provides the details for each of the six major silicate mineral groups. Chapter 20 provides additional information for those minerals that can also be considered gems.
Nov. 9 Nesosilicate Minerals M: Ch. 18, pp 434-441, Ch 19, pp 484-498
Nov. 12 Soro and Cyclosilicate Minerals M: Ch. 18, pp 441-446, Ch 19, pp 498-505
Nov. 14 Inosilicate Minerals (single chain) M: Ch. 18, pp 446-456, Ch 19, pp 505-513
Nov. 16 Inosilicate Minerals (double chain) M: Ch. 18, pp 446-456, Ch 19, pp 514-519
Nov. 19 Phyllosilicate Minerals I M: Ch. 18, pp 456-467, Ch 19, pp 519-534
Nov. 21 THANKSGIVING BREAK
Nov. 23 THANKSGIVING BREAK
Nov. 26 Phyllosilicate Minerals II M: Ch. 18, pp 456-467, Ch 19, pp 519-534
Nov. 28 Tectosilicate Minerals I M: Ch. 18, pp 467-482, Ch 19, pp 534-553
Nov. 30 Tectosilicate Minerals II M: Ch. 18, pp 467-482, Ch 19, pp 534-553
Dec. 3 Tectosilicate Minerals III M: Ch. 18, pp 467-482, Ch 19, pp 534-553
Dec. 5 Native elements, Sulfides M: Ch. 15, pp 331-367
Dec. 7 Oxides, carbonates M: Ch. 16, pp 368-389, Ch 17, pp 399-416
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The final examination in this course is scheduled by the Registrar's Office, not by your instructor. Please check the time and place of the exam on the "final exam schedule" which usually becomes available in late October, after fall break.
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LABORATORY SYLLABUS
The following syllabus lists the assigned readings for each lab session. This material should be read prior to coming to the lab.
M = Manual of Mineral Science; C = Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry
Date, TYPE OF EXERCISE WE'LL BE DOING, Reading Assignment
PART 1 - External Symmetry (The wood and metal blocks + M. C. Escher)
Sept. 4 External planar symmetry and Escher M: Ch. 6, pp. 109-142 C: Ch. 1 and 2, pp. 1-47
Sept. 11 External symmetry--tetragonal, orthorhombic M: Ch. 6, Ch. 9, pp. 187-200 and hexagonal Systems C: pp. 109-126
Sept. 18 External symmetry--isometric, monoclinic and M: Ch. 6, Ch. 9, pp.182-187, triclinic systems 200- 208; C: pp. 103-109, 126-133
Sept. 25 External Symmetry ID Quiz (First 1/2 of Lab) X-ray diffraction (XRD) identification of an M: Ch. 14, pp. 307-323 Un-identified mineral
Part II Minerals in Hand Specimen
Oct. 2 Mineral Identification (Non-silicate minerals) M: Ch. 2, pp. 19-36; Chapter 15 Elements, Sulfides Determinative Tables, Ch. 22, Chapter 16 Oxides, hydroxides, halides pp. 604-636, Chapter 17 Carbonates, borates, sulfates, phosphates, vanadates.
Oct. 9 Mineral Identification (Non-silicate minerals) M: Ch. 2, pp. 19-36; Chapter 15 Elements, Sulfides Ch. 22, Determinative Tables, Chapter 16 Oxides, hydroxides, halides pp. 604-636, Chapter 17 Carbonates, borates, sulfates, phosphates, vanadates.
Oct. 23 Mineral Identification (Rock-Forming Silicates) M: Ch. 2, pp. 19-36, Chapter 18 Crystal Chemistry Ch. 22, Determinative Tables, Chapter 19 Systematic Descriptions pp. 604-636, Chapter 20 Gem Minerals
Oct. 30 Mineral Identification (Rock-Forming Silicates) M: Ch. 2, pp. 19-36, Chapter 18 Crystal Chemistry Ch. 22, Determinative Tables, Chapter 19 Systematic Descriptions pp. 604-636, Chapter 20 Gem Minerals
Nov. 6 Mineral ID Quiz (First 1/2 of Lab), TGA Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
Part III Optical Mineralogy
Nov. 13 First microscope Lab: Isotropic minerals. M: Ch. 13, pp. 287-294, Table 22.3, pp. 637-638
Nov. 20 Second microscope lab: Uniaxial minerals M: Ch. 13, pp. 294-300, Table 22-3, pp. 637-638
Nov. 27 Third microscope lab: Biaxial minerals M: Ch. 13, pp. 300-305, 22-3, pp. 637-638
Dec. 4 Mineral ID Quiz (Entire Lab)
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Two field trips are in the "possible" to "probable" column if final arrangements that make sense can be worked out. One would be on a Sunday to the Sterling Hill Mining Museum in Ogdensburg, New Jersey. The other would be a ½ day trip to the Cedar Hill Quarry located on the Mason-Dixon line, just off US 222. This could be during a regular lab period or a Saturday / Sunday afternoon depending on accessibility. Stay tuned for further up-dates!
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