Three Franklin & Marshall students helped conduct a groundbreaking pilot study in Lancaster this summer. 

Ibrahim Bin Amjad ’27, Josh Anderson ’27 and Jocelyn Chow ’26 assessed the efficacy of adding safer tobacco alternatives to cigarette warnings under the tutelage of Hollie Tripp, assistant professor of government & public health. 

Tripp’s work centers around understanding how people make choices in an effort to improve health policies. Presently, her research focuses on tobacco regulatory science. 

The team recruited participants from the Lancaster community to assess the effects of cigarette warnings on smoking behavior, collecting biospecimens and qualitative data. 

The United States became the world’s first nation to require a health warning on cigarette packages in 1966. These health warning labels are widely regarded as effective tobacco control interventions.

Since that time, modified risk tobacco products (MRTP) have come to market. These products, such as Zyn nicotine pouches, pose lower risks to individuals and populations than traditional cigarettes and have been approved by the FDA. 

“While such products carry reduced risk messages on their respective packaging, those who smoke may be unaware that products safer than combustible cigarettes exist,” Tripp said.

Tripp wondered if including MRTP alternatives on warning labels could lead to less harmful decisions among those who are not ready to quit using tobacco.

“How do we communicate products with less harm than cigarettes?” Tripp asked. 

Tripp and the students recruited and conducted a mixed-methods study of adult smokers over age 21. Participants were eligible if they smoked five or more cigarettes daily as their primary form of tobacco use, were not pregnant or trying to quit smoking. 

Using random assignment and daily text messages, the researchers showed smokers cigarette warning labels either with or without a MRTP alternative. 

Participants gave a urine sample before using a MRTP and a sample after to examine metabolites for nicotine. They were also interviewed about their thoughts of and trust in tobacco warnings.

Samples were analyzed in a Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) laboratory on campus. Amjad, Anderson and Chow received extensive training to handle biological materials. 

It was the first instance of F&M student research involving the collection of human biospecimens from a non-campus community.

“The fact that this was the first human subjects research study collecting biospecimens on campus is pretty amazing. That means public health students – and even our pre-med students – can get these valuable experiences as undergraduates, Tripp said.

“That's pretty rare at a small liberal arts college,” she added.

Ultimately, Tripp and students are hoping to shift smokers away from harm with their research. 

“People know that smoking is bad for them, but abstinence-only messaging may miss a trick,” Tripp said. 

The work is a continuation of research done by Tripp and Chow through Hackman Scholar funding; additional research was supported by faculty start-up funds. In May, Tripp and Chow’s research paper was published by the Journal of Health Communications.

The pair also presented at the Society For Research on Nicotine and Tobacco annual meeting in New Orleans last spring. 

“I especially enjoyed interviewing participants and hearing their thought processes behind certain tobacco products and warning images,” Chow said of the research continuation. “It was also really interesting to see how varied their reactions were and how warning labels impacted their health decisions in different ways. That was really rewarding.”

Below, learn more about the students involved in this research. 

Ibrahim Bin Amjad '27, Josh Anderson '27, Jocelyn Chow '26 and Hollie Tripp, assistant professor of government & public health.

Ibrahim Bin Amjad ’27

• Hometown: Lahore, Pakistan
• Joint major: Government, public policy
• Minor: Philosophy

What was the most surprising thing about this research? 

“I’m learning stuff out of my comfort zone. This required a lot of BSL [Biosafety Level] lab training, handling human samples and quantitative work. I donned my lab coat in the morning from 8 a.m. to noon., and then as soon as I got home, I was doing qualitative interviews until 5 p.m. It was like two different worlds.”

Josh Anderson ’27

• Hometown: Milford, Mass. 
• Major: Public health (biology)
• Minor: French

What inspired you to take on this research?

“I loved [Tripp’s] drug policy class. I was already interested in how drugs and government intersect. I was really excited to work in an environment that was different to me in a research setting. I knew going into college that I wanted to do research. My goal is to go into the nonprofit global health sector.”

Jocelyn Chow ’26

• Hometown: Emmaus, Pa.
• Major: Public health (biology)

What did you enjoy most about this research?

“It has definitely given me a bigger interest in health communication as it relates to public health. And as a pre-med student, I'm really interested in seeing the different aspects of how public health relates to medicine and how medicine is inherently human. There are a lot of different things that go into it other than just pure science.”

Ibrahim Bin Amjad ’27, Josh Anderson ’27 and Jocelyn Chow ’26 wear personal protective equipment in Franklin & Marshall’s Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) laboratory. BSL-2 labs are used to study moderate-risk infectious agents or toxins that pose a moderate danger if accidentally inhaled, swallowed or exposed to the skin.

Professor Hollie Tripp’s work centers around understanding how people make choices in an effort to improve health policies. Presently, her research focuses on tobacco regulatory science.

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